Water Flows Toward Power: Socioecological Degradation of Lake Urmia,Iran   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Azad Henareh Khalyani  Audrey L. Mayer  Emma S. Norman 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(7):759-767

Water is an invaluable resource, and equitable access to it is a fundamental human right. Disenfranchised groups often lose access to water resources because their interests are not well represented by decision makers. Excluding these groups from resource management policy often results in myopic decisions that contribute to further ecosystem damage. We describe the ecological degradation of Lake Urmia in Iran, which has recently experienced increased salinity and declining water quantity. The lake is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and Ramsar site, and supports unique biodiversity in the region. The lake's decline is driven by the destruction of Zagros forests and the government's water policies, which diverted water to more politically connected agricultural land users, increasing social inequity and prompting more deforestation. The most straightforward restoration solution is to discontinue the diversions and allow critical inflows to recharge Lake Urmia, preserving the lake and wetlands for migratory birds, tourists, and local communities.  相似文献   

New Thoughts of Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Salt Lake Resources in Qinghai Province     

DU Guangwei 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):417-417

正Qinghai Province has unique salt lake resources in China characterized by multicomponent,big storage,multi types and easy exploitation.These salt lake resources are concentrated in Qaidam Basin.  相似文献   

Climate Change and Geochemistry May Explain the Finding of Marine Cyanobacteria in a Continental Saline Lake     

Zorigto NAMSARAEV  Vladimir GORLENKO  Boris KUZNETSOV  Bair NAMSARAEV 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):158-159

正1 Introduction Alkaline Lake Khilganta located in a steppe zone of South Siberia(N 50°42'535,E 115°06'086)is unique among adjacent lakes because of a development of a thick(up to 3 cm)cyanobacterial mat dominated by  相似文献   

青藏高原东缘玛曲沙化高寒草地土壤理化性质北大核心CSCD     

李世龙 《中国沙漠》2022,42(6):44-52

沙漠化是青藏高原东缘高寒草地退化的重要指征,土壤理化性质是反映草地沙化过程的重要特征参数。以青藏高原东缘玛曲县为例,分析天然草地和轻度、中度、重度、极重度沙化草地土壤粒度组成、温湿度、有机碳和养分等因子的差异特征,旨在阐明高寒草地沙化过程中土壤理化性质的变化。结果表明:草地土壤黏土和粉沙含量随着沙化的发展显著减小,而沙颗粒含量(细沙和中沙)随着沙化程度的增加而增大;5—8月生长季,重度沙化土壤相比轻度沙化土壤温度明显升高,土壤含水量明显降低;随着沙化程度的增加,土壤有机碳含量显著降低,轻度沙化减少50%以上,中度至极重度沙化草地减少91%—99%;土壤全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)、全磷(TP)、有效磷(AP)等含量在轻度以上沙化草地中显著降低,而全钾(TK)变化不明显,速效钾(AK)仅在中度至极重度沙化草地中含量降低。高寒草地沙化进程中,随着植被盖度的不断降低,表层细颗粒物逐渐风蚀、土壤养分流失,粗颗粒物质保留下来,土壤含水量降低,在风的分选作用下不断堆积形成流动性沙丘。  相似文献   

AVHRR分裂窗算法反演高山草甸地表温度精度评估     

闵文彬  李跃清 《四川气象》2014,(2):44-47

利用理塘县高山草甸地表温度实测数据,分析6种常用AVHRR分裂窗算法的精度,为青藏高原地区地表温度的卫星反演提供技术支持.结果表明：6种常用AVHRR分裂窗算法反演地表温度与实测值之间有很好的线性正相关关系,反演温度与实测温度最大偏差3.36K,最大平均绝对误差2.25k,最小平均绝对误差0.77K.给出了反演高山草甸地表温度的AVHRR分裂窗算法建议.  相似文献   

A near‐annual palaeohydrological study based on testate amoebae from a sub‐alpine mire: surface wetness and the role of climate during the instrumental period     

Mariusz Lamentowicz  Willem Van Der Knaap  Łukasz Lamentowicz  Jacqueline F. N. Van Leeuwen  Edward A. D. Mitchell  Tomasz Goslar  Christian Kamenik 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(2):190-202

We present the first testate amoeba‐based palaeohydrological reconstruction from the Swiss Alps, and the first depth to the water table (DWT) calibration dataset for this region. Compared to existing models, our new calibration dataset performs well (RMSEP = 4.88), despite the length of the water table gradient covered (53 cm). The present‐day topography and vegetation of the study mire Mauntschas suggest that it is partly ombrotrophic (large Sphagnum fuscum hummocks, one of which was the coring site) but mostly under the minerotrophic influence of springs in the mire and runoff from the surrounding area. Ombrotrophic Sphagnum fuscum hummocks developed at the sampling site only during the last 50 years, when testate amoebae indicate a shift towards dry and/or acid conditions. Prior to AD 1950 the water table was much higher, suggesting that the influence of the mineral‐rich water prevented the development of ombrotrophic hummocks. The reconstructed DWT correlated with Pinus cembra pollen accumulation rates, suggesting that testate amoebae living on the mire and P. cembra growing outside of it partly respond to the same factor(s). Finally, temperature trends from the nearby meteorological station paralleled trends in reconstructed DWT. However, contrary to other studies made on raised bogs of northwestern Europe, the highest correlation was observed for winter temperature, despite the fact that testate amoebae would more logically respond to moisture conditions during the growing season. The observed correlation with winter temperature might reflect a control of winter severity on surface moisture during at least the first part of the growing season, through snow melt and soil frost phenomena influencing run‐off. More ecohydrological work on sub‐alpine mires is needed to understand the relationships between climate, testate amoebae and peatland development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INLAND LAKES EVOLUTION AND CLIMATIC FLUCTUATION IN ARID ZONE   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

秦伯强  施雅风  王苏民 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1991,1(4):316-323

The evolution of the inland lakes in arid and semi-arid zones is accorded with the climatic fluctuation. The humid climate is in harmony with the higher water level and greater lake water quantity budget while arid climate is in correspondence with the lower water level and little water budget. Based on the analysis of the lake fluctuation and lake budget change, with the aid of the data of geom'orphology, palynology, sedimentology and chronology, It is found that the climate experienced a warm and humid period during 7000-3500 yr. B. P. and showed a drying and warming trend in the last century in the Central Asia.  相似文献   

Light regime and components of turbidity in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon     

Biel Obrador  Joan Lluís Pretus 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

The underwater light regime of a Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Albufera des Grau, Balearic Islands) was studied during four years in order to characterise the spatial and temporal variations in the light attenuation coefficient (K) and to assess the relative contribution of the different water components to total light attenuation.  相似文献   

山东沾化凹陷孤岛油田馆上段浅水湖泊沉积   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王蛟 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2007,37(3):500-505

综合研究钻井、古生物和测井资料,认为孤岛油田新近系馆陶组上段馆1 2砂层组沉积时期发育浅水湖泊而非单一的河流相沉积。浅水湖泊湖盆地形平坦,湖面广阔,水体极浅;湖区受气候影响,湖平面频繁振荡式升降变化;沉积物多表现为氧化、还原环境交替的红灰相间的细粒沉积物;湖泊沉积构造发育,生物富集,水进→水退沉积旋回性明显。通过取心井的观察描述和分析化验,识别出水道砂坝、砂坪、混合坪、泥坪和沼泽5种沉积微相类型,建立了孤岛油田馆1 2砂层组浅水湖泊沉积模式。  相似文献   

含油气盆地蒸发盐矿物成因类型及其地质意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

郭佩  李长志 《古地理学报》2022,24(2):210-225

中国是一个多盐湖国家,然而盐湖研究主要集中于分析湖水化学性质、盐类物质来源和盐矿资源开发等,对盐类矿物沉积特征和埋藏成岩改造研究较少,造成从蒸发岩角度去理解古代盐湖盆地的油气富集规律较为困难。在广泛阅读国内外大型盐湖文献的基础上,笔者介绍了盐湖分类方案和蒸发岩中盐类矿物的主要成因类型,并总结了中国陆相含油气盆地中常见的硫酸盐、氯化物、含钠碳酸盐和硼酸盐的沉积—成岩过程及其古环境和古气候意义。同时,尝试利用盐湖沉积最新研究成果去探讨中国含油气盆地蒸发岩研究中存在争议或值得关注的问题,得出: (1)深部热液可为湖泊输送大量元素离子,但要在湖泊环境下富集大量蒸发岩,则(半)干旱气候和蒸发浓缩作用是前提条件;(2)易溶蒸发岩(如石盐)在沉积中心单层厚度大,而在斜坡—边缘区缺失,这是季节性气温变化和温跃层浮动引发“中心聚集效应”的结果;(3)温度可影响蒸发岩中盐类矿物溶解度、晶体结构形态和发育深度,而部分无水盐类矿物在常温常压下却无法结晶,这一现象可用来指示古地温和地层埋藏史;(4)碳酸盐型盐湖中的Na-碳酸盐种类可指示大气CO₂浓度和古温度。  相似文献